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A Conjunction joins two parts of a sentence.
| Coordinating Conjunctions | Subordinating Conjunctions |
| and, but, or, nor, yet, so | although, because, since, unless |
Three basic forms of Conjunction:
*Single Word: and, but, because, although
*Compound (often ending with as or that): provided that, as long as, in order that
*Correlative (surrounding an adverb or adjective): so...that
Two basic functions of Conjunction:
*Coordinating Conjunctions are used to join two parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal.
The two parts may be single words or clauses.
Shirley and Elaine went to the mall.
The price is reasonable, but I didn't buy the car.
*Subordinating Conjunctions are used to join a subordinate dependent clause to a main clause.
I bought the car although it was expensive.
The short, simple Conjunctions are called Coordinating Conjunctions: and, but, or, nor, for, and yet.
A Coordinating Conjunction joins parts of a sentence that are grammatically equal or similar.
A Coordinating Conjunction shows that the elements it joins are similar in importance and structure.
I like grape and strawberry.
Tom likes grape, but Frank likes strawberry.
Coordinating Conjunctions always come between the words or clauses that they join.
When a Coordinating Conjunction joins independent clauses, it is always correct to place a comma before the conjunction.
I want to be a translator in the future, so I am studying Chinese.
However, if the independent clauses are short and well-balanced, a comma is not really necessary.
She is kind so she comes over to help.
When "and" is used with the last word of a list, a comma is optional.
He drinks beer, whisky, wine, and rum.
He drinks beer, whisky, wine and rum.
The majority of conjunctions are Subordinating Conjunctions.
Common Subordinating Conjunctions are: after, although, as, because, before, how, if, once, since, than, that, though, till, until, when, where, whether.
A Subordinating Conjunction joins a subordinate (dependent) clause to a main (independent) clause.
Richard went fishing although it was cold.
A Subordinate or dependent clause "depends" on a main or independent clause. It cannot exist alone.
If somebody says to you: "Although it was cold." What do you understand? Nothing!
A main or independent clause can exist alone. You will understand very well if somebody says to you: "Richard went fishing."
A Subordinating Conjunction always comes at the beginning of a subordinate clause. It "introduces" a subordinate clause.
However, a subordinate clause can sometimes come after and sometimes before a main clause.
Richard went fishing although it was cold.
Although it was cold, Richard went fishing.
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